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Tropical Storm the storm is predicted to become a uncommon highest-level cyclone as it veers toward Jamaica, bringing dangerous flash flooding and landslides.

The cyclone, which recorded winds of up to 120 miles per hour as of 06:00 GMT, is currently turning north-west in the Caribbean and is projected to make landfall by midweek, based on data from hurricane specialists.

Warnings of blackouts and damage to infrastructure have been announced as this storm brings up to 30 inches of precipitation and storm surges as high as 4m above normal levels. "Find safe refuge immediately," inhabitants have been urged.

The cyclone is the thirteenth hurricane in the current Atlantic season, which usually concludes in the eleventh month.

Most Intense Hurricane Threat

A category five cyclone is the most powerful category, with sustained winds of at least 157mph.

While Melissa is projected to diminish in strength to a category four cyclone before reaching the island, experts said there was "very little practical difference in the general consequences" upon making contact with land, and that the hurricane will be "just as powerful" when it impacts the island.

Immediate Preparations

With tropical storm-strength winds and rain anticipated well in advance well before it moves across Jamaica's central region - possibly even the national capital - alerts state that "preparations should be rushed to completion".

"A multi-day period of damaging winds and heavy rainfall have begun and will cause catastrophic and life-threatening sudden floods and many rock slides," advised meteorological officials.

The nation's leader Andrew Holness stated: "I realize that there are numerous residents who are anxious, who are extremely apprehensive, and rightfully so: you should be concerned.

"However the optimal approach to handle anxiety and any apprehension and concern is to stay ready."

Locals are being instructed to fortify their houses with protective bags and plywood sheets, and to gather basic necessities.

Wider Effects

Warnings are also active for parts of Haiti encompassing the main city, Port au Prince, the adjacent nation and eastern Cuba, where Melissa is anticipated to bring similar effects by the midweek period.

Landslides presently generated by the hurricane have already killed two in the country, according to emergency services.

Projected Trajectory

This weather system is forecast to move across Cuba by midweek before moving through the Antillas Mayores and emerging into the Atlantic.

By the point it reaches Cuba, it is predicted to have reduced to a Category 3 cyclone.

Weather Background

Although it is difficult to associate individual weather events to global warming, experts say it is causing weather phenomena more prevalent and more intense.

Higher ocean heat create greater water vapor in the environment, contributing to the development of hurricanes.

Prior to the beginning of the current Caribbean cyclone season, climate agencies projected above-normal activity, referencing warmer seas and likely more intense weather patterns around West Africa - where tropical systems frequently develop.